What defines a split system in HVAC?

A split system in HVAC is characterized by having components located both indoors and outdoors. This configuration typically includes an indoor unit that contains the evaporator coil and air handler, while the outdoor unit houses the compressor and condenser. This separation allows for more efficient heat exchange and enhances the overall performance of the system, as the outdoor unit can disperse heat to the outside air, while the indoor unit can evenly distribute conditioned air throughout the indoor space.

In contrast, a system with all components located indoors would not qualify as a split system because it lacks the outdoor component essential for its operation. Additionally, a split system does not pertain specifically to the use of solar energy for operation; solar systems may be a different type of energy-efficient design altogether. Lastly, defining a system to operate solely on heating or cooling also falls short, as split systems can effectively provide both functions, depending on the setup and additional components like heat pumps. Therefore, option B accurately encapsulates the defining characteristic of a split system.