What is the primary role of ventilation in HVAC systems?

The primary role of ventilation in HVAC systems is to provide fresh air, remove pollutants, and regulate humidity. Ventilation is essential for maintaining indoor air quality, which is critical for the health and comfort of occupants. By introducing fresh outdoor air into the living or working space, ventilation helps to dilute and remove indoor air contaminants such as volatile organic compounds (VOCs), dust, and odors.

Additionally, effective ventilation is vital for managing humidity levels. High humidity can lead to discomfort, mold growth, and structural damage, while low humidity can cause dryness in the air, leading to respiratory issues and discomfort. Therefore, a well-designed ventilation system balances the introduction of fresh air with the removal of stale air and moisture.

This function is distinct from other roles within the HVAC framework, such as improving thermal insulation or controlling sound levels. Although air circulation is an integral part of ventilation, its main focus is on air quality and moisture control rather than simply moving air around or enhancing sound management. Furthermore, ventilation does not primarily aim to increase air pressure; rather, it ensures proper air exchange for maintaining suitable indoor conditions.